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Iodine, a diatomic molecule (I2), is an oxidizing agent and solutions of it are frequently used in chemical analyses. Iodine suffers from low solubility in water and its volatility makes it difficult to handle directly. Both these problems are overcome by the addition of an Iodide salt (usually Potassium Iodide) which forms a Triiodide (I3-) complex with the Iodine. The Triiodide complex is extremely soluble in water and has decreased volatility.
Iodine solutions are typically standardized with Sodium Thiosulfate solutions or Arsenic Trioxide. The equation for reaction with Sodium Thiosulfate is:
See the Tech Tip under Arsenic Trioxide for information on standardization with Arsenic Trioxide.
In order to minimize errors due to oxidation of the Iodide to Iodine, titrations involving Iodine solutions should be made in the pH range of 4 - 8, and contact with air should be minimized. Because of this oxidation tendency as well as the volatility of this element even in the Triiodide form, Iodine solutions should be restandardized periodically for increased accuracy, especially after the bottle has been opened. Starch forms an intensely blue complex with Triiodide and is almost always used as the indicator when the endpoint is not determined instrumentally.
Iodine solutions can also be used to determine Sulfite, Sulfur Dioxide, or Sulfide, according to the following reactions:
In these reactions, it is better to add the Sulfite or Sulfide ion solution to an excess of acidified standard Iodine solution and then back-titrate the excess Iodine with standard Sodium Thiosulfate solution. This avoids loss of the analyte due to volatilization and thus leads to increased accuracy.
Iodine Derivatives Manufacturer in India
Iodine is the heaviest and the rarest of stable halogens that can be found on the crust of earth. Iodine is mostly used in nutrition. About fifty percent of all iodine produces and manufactured worldwide is used to form Organoiodine compounds.
Iodine deficiency in human body is the number one cause of preventable mental retardation and thyroid problems. Certain regions and especially coastal regions have iodine naturally in the soil. But it is rare in most of the Earth’s surface. Therefore iodine is added in small quantities in salt to provide the body with the much needed iodine. Generally, Potassium iodide or Potassium iodate is added to table/common salt, in order to prevent problems caused by iodine deficiency.
Iodine has several applications other than iodization of salt. It has a plethora of industrial as well as medical applications and is also used to provide nutrition to animals. The importance of application of iodine varies and some of the major uses of iodine derivatives are in colourants, dyes and pigments, animal nutrition products, catalysts, stabilizers, disinfectants and antiseptics, pharmaceutical, and photography.