Efficiency :Rapid Softening, disintegration and dissolving of scales.

Economy

By reducing down-time, productivity is increased. by protecting metal and by uniform leaning of the surface equipment life is prolonged and performance made superior. The above information is adequate for commonly encountered problems of descaling.

Handling & Storage

Safety

•    No Fumes Avoid contact with skin or eyes. Wear Cup-type, rubber or soft plastic-framed goggles, protective clothing, and rubber gloves must be worn when handling.

•    Keep in a tightly closed container. Protect from physical damage.

•    Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area away from sources of heat, moisture and incompatibilities.

•    Containers containing this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (dust, solids); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.

•    Ensure as low exposure as possible. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred as it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area.

-   Prevent run off water from entering drains if possible

Formation of Calcium Sulfate is main cause for SCALE formation :::

The principal problem potential posed by sulfate ions in water is the possibility of calcium sulfate scale formation.  Precipitation of calcium sulfate can occur when high concentrations of both calcium and sulfate exist simultaneously.  There are three primary areas of water treatment in which calcium sulfate precipitation may occur boilers, cooling systems, and ion exchangers operating in the hydrogen or acid mode.

In boilers, calcium sulfate scale formation has been reduced to a minimum by modern treatment practices.  The low hardness levels largely preclude calcium sulfate boiler scale.    By contrast, cooling systems are subject to calcium sulfate scale deposition because the makeup is usually not treated for hardness removal.  Cooling water is usually treated with sulfuric acid for pH control, and the makeup is cycled, i.e. concentrated.  Calcium sulfate scale deposition can  result unless the cycles of concentration are properly controlled in conjunction with the proper use of scale control chemicals.  Cation ion exchangers regenerated with sulfuric acid also can pose a major calcium sulfate problem. Calcium sulfate precipitation can be avoided by controlling the acid concentration and the flow rate through the exchanger.  

Sulfate content can be calculated in Laboratory by using this method ::: http://rxmarine.com/SULFATE-TEST-KIT

EU Index 016-063-00-2 EU classification Harmful (Xn) Irritant (Xi) R-phrases R22 R31 R41 S-phrases (S2) S26 S39 S46

Dechlorination in municipal wastewater, pulp & paper, power, and textile water treatment plants

Oxygen scavenger

Boiler water treatment

Preservative in photo developer process

Food additive

Flue gas desulfurization

Mild reducing agent in organic synthesis

Efficiently remove traces or excess amounts of bromine, iodine, osmate esters, chromium trioxide, and potassium permanganate

Magnesium sulphate  is an inorganic chemical which contains magnesium, sulfur and oxygen,  It is used as a nutrient additives, firming agent and flavour enhancer. It serves to be a fermentation aid in the processing of beer and malt beverages. Additionally it exhibit as a nutrient used primarily in salt-replacer products, dietary supplements, carbonated diet soft drink beverages, sports drinks and fortified water beverages. 

STORAGE & HANDLING

pH booster should be stored in an air tight container away from direct heat.
Always store at cool & dry place.
Handle using goggles & do not breathe in the vapours.
Wash thoroughly in case of contact. Do not swallow.
 

pH Control

Maintenance of proper pH throughout the boiler feedwater, boiler, and condensate systems is essential for corrosion control. Most low-pressure boiler system operators monitor boiler water alkalinity because it correlates very closely with pH, while most feedwater, condensate, and high-pressure boiler water requires direct monitoring of pH. Control of pH is important for the following reasons:

• corrosion rates of metals used in boiler systems are sensitive to variations in pH
• low pH or insufficient alkalinity can result in corrosive acidic attack
• high pH or excess alkalinity can result in caustic gouging/cracking and foaming, with resultant carryover
• speed of oxygen scavenging reactions is highly dependent on pH levels

The pH or alkalinity level maintained in a boiler system depends on many factors, such as sys-tem pressure, system metals, feedwater quality, and type of chemical treatment applied.

The corrosion rate of carbon steel at feedwater temperatures approaches a minimum value in the pH range of 9.2-9.6 . It is important to monitor the feedwater system for corrosion by means of iron and copper testing. For systems with sodium zeolite or hot lime softened makeup, pH adjustment may not be necessary. In systems that use deionized water makeup, small amounts of caustic soda or neutralizing amines, such as morpholine and cyclohexylamine, can be used.

In the boiler, either high or low pH increases the corrosion rates of mild steelThe pH or alkalinity that is maintained depends on the pressure, makeup water characteristics, chemical treatment, and other factors specific to the system.

The best pH for protection of copper alloys is somewhat lower than the optimum level for carbon steel. For systems that contain both metals, the condensate and feedwater pH is often maintained between 8.8 and 9.2 for corrosion protection of both metals. The optimum pH varies from system to system and depends on many factors, including the alloy used 

To elevate pH, neutralizing amines should be used instead of ammonia, which (especially in the presence of oxygen) accelerates copper alloy corrosion rates. Also, amines form protective films on copper oxide surfaces that inhibit corrosion.

The establishment of protective metal oxide lay-ers through the use of reducing agents (such as hydrazine, hydroquinone, and other oxygen scavengers) is known as metal passivation or metal conditioning. Although "metal passivation" refers to the direct reaction of the compound with the metal oxide and "metal conditioning" more broadly refers to the promotion of a protective surface, the two terms are frequently used interchangeably.

The reaction of hydrazine and hydroquinone, which leads to the passivation of iron-based metals, proceeds according to the following reactions:

Similar reactions occur with copper-based metals:

Magnetite and cuprous oxide form protective films on the metal surface. Because these oxides are formed under reducing conditions, removal of the dissolved oxygen from boiler feedwater and condensate promotes their formation. The effective application of oxygen scavengers indirectly leads to passivated metal surfaces and less metal oxide transport to the boiler whether or not the scavenger reacts directly with the metal surface.

A significant reduction in feedwater oxygen and metal oxides can occur with proper application of oxygen scavengers.