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The periodic acid is reduced to iodic acid (HIO3). Because vicinal diols are obtained from alkenes, the combination of dihydroxylation followed by oxidative cleavage of a diol provides an alternative method to ozonolysis of alkenes to yield the same products.
Periodic acid is the highest oxoacid of iodine, with iodine in the +7 state. It exists in two forms: orthoperiodic acid, H5IO6, and metaperiodic acid, HIO4. Both are colourless crystals. Heating the ortho form to 100 °C under reduced pressure gives the meta form; at about 150 °C it breaks down to iodine pentoxide. Ask us which form the current lot is, because the molar masses differ when you weigh out a reagent.
Where it is used: periodic acid cleaves vicinal diols into two aldehyde or ketone fragments (the Malaprade reaction). That makes it a standard tool in carbohydrate structure work, for opening sugar rings, and for labelling saccharides and the 3′ end of RNA. It is also a moderate oxidant in organic synthesis. Safety: violent explosions have been reported with DMSO–periodic acid oxidising mixtures, so do not combine the two. For related sugar chemistry see mucic acid.
| Orthoperiodic acid | H5IO6, 227.94 g/mol, CAS 10450-60-9 |
|---|---|
| Metaperiodic acid | HIO4, 191.91 g/mol, CAS 13444-71-8 |
| Iodine oxidation state | +7 |
| Appearance | Colourless crystals |
| Grade | For synthesis |
Mainly to split 1,2-diols in carbohydrates and other organic molecules, and as an oxidising agent in synthesis.
Orthoperiodic acid, H5IO6, holds two more water molecules than metaperiodic acid, HIO4. Gentle heating under vacuum converts ortho to meta.
No. Perchloric acid is the chlorine analogue. The two are related in structure but are different chemicals with different hazards.
Periodic acid is the highest oxoacid of iodine, in which the iodine exists in oxidation state +7. Like all periodates it can exist in two forms: orthoperiodic acid, with the chemical formula H5IO6 and metaperiodic acid, which has the formula HIO4.
Further heating to around 150 °C gives iodine pentoxide (I2O5) rather than the expected anhydride diiodine heptoxide (I2O7). Metaperiodic acid can also be prepared from various orthoperiodates by treatment with dilute nitric acid.
PERIODIC ACID FOR SYNTHESIS
Modern industrial scale production involves the oxidation of a solution of sodium iodate under alkaline conditions, either electrochemically on a PbO2 anode, or by treatment with chlorine
Oman. Stocked at our warehouse in Barka, South Al Batinah, and supplied to Muscat, Ruwi, Mutrah, Seeb, Rusayl, Barka, Sohar, Shinas, Saham, Buraimi, Nizwa, Ibri, Sur, Salalah, Duqm, Khasab and every other governorate.
Ports and free zones. Port Sultan Qaboos (Mutrah), Mina Al Fahal, Sohar Port and Freezone, Port of Salalah and Salalah Free Zone, Port of Duqm and the Duqm Special Economic Zone, Port of Sur, Khasab Port and Al Mazunah Free Zone.
Industrial areas. Rusayl, Sohar, Barka (Sanaya), Raysut (Salalah), Nizwa, Sur, Buraimi and Duqm industrial estates, Knowledge Oasis Muscat, and oil and gas sites across Oman.
Beyond Oman. We have branches in the UAE (including Fujairah) and in India (Kandla, Kolkata, Visakhapatnam, Chennai and Mumbai), and we also supply to South Africa.
