Thiourea is an additive used in the electrorefining and electroplating of copper, and it can also be used to clean copper objects:
Electrorefining and electroplating
Thiourea is an important additive in the electrorefining and electroplating of copper. It reacts with copper or copper ions to form CuS, which can lead to the formation of smooth and bright copper deposits.
Cleaning copper objects
Thiourea can be used to clean copper objects by dissolving it in a solution with citric acid. The object is placed in the solution and left until it is clean, which can take several minutes to several hours. After cleaning, the object should be washed thoroughly to remove any traces of acid.
Cleaning Procedure of copper objects:
Wear rubber or nitrile gloves to avoid leaving marks on the copper.
Fully immerse the object in the solution.
Use a soft bristle brush to speed up the cleaning process.
If the object is porous or has been treated for a long time, immerse it in a bath of sodium carbonate to neutralize any acid residue
After Cleaning COAT on surface :
Apply a protective coating (lacquer or wax) to maintain a clean shiny surface on copper-based objects. Remember that the patinas (except bronze disease) which form on bronze and copper objects are attractive and stable and do not need any form of protective coating unless they are in a harsh environment. In the latter case, consult a conservator for advice.
Microcrystalline-polyethylene wax mixtures can be used as protective coatings. A recipe that has been found to be useful is comprised of:
microcrystalline wax 100 g
polyethylene wax 25 g
white spirits 250 ml
Prepare the paste as follows:
melt the wax components together and stir well to ensure thorough mixing; and
quickly pour the mixture into the white spirits and stir constantly while it cools to produce a smooth white paste.
The sheen of the resultant wax film can be altered by varying either the grades or the proportions of the waxes used. When it is dry the wax can be either polished for a shiny finish or left untouched for a matt finish. If subsequent bronze disease treatment is found to be necessary this wax can be removed with white spirit.
An alternative coating is an acrylic lacquer containing a corrosion inhibitor. This has proved most satisfactory in preventing re-tarnishing of bronze and copper. A commercially available lacquer (‘Incralac’) can be obtained either in a spray can or as a brush-on paint. If necessary this product can be removed with acetone.
pour the mixture into the white spirits and stir constantly while it cools to produce a smooth white paste.
The sheen of the resultant wax film can be altered by varying either the grades or the proportions of the waxes used. When it is dry the wax can be either polished for a shiny finish or left untouched for a matt finish. If subsequent bronze disease treatment is found to be necessary this wax can be removed with white spirit.
An alternative coating is an acrylic lacquer containing a corrosion inhibitor. This has proved most satisfactory in preventing re-tarnishing of bronze and copper. A commercially available lacquer (‘Incralac’) can be obtained either in a spray can or as a brush-on paint. If necessary this product can be removed with acetone.